In environmental applications, VAE (Vinyl Acetate-Ethylene) and PVA offer distinct advantages. PVA’s biodegradability under aerobic conditions makes it suitable for water-soluble packaging, with microbial degradation rates of 60-80% in activated sludge systems. Its low toxicity (oral LD50 >2000 mg/kg) and FDA approval for food contact further enhance its eco-friendliness. VAE, while not fully biodegradable, reduces VOC emissions in coatings and adhesives, with formulations containing <50 g/L VOCs meeting green building standards. VAE emulsions in exterior paints offer longer lifespan, reducing reapplication needs and material waste. For sustainable construction, VAE-modified mortars require less cement, lowering carbon footprints, whereas PVA’s water solubility enables zero-waste packaging solutions in detergent and pesticide industries.