PVA and VAE emulsions cater to distinct industrial needs. PVA emulsions excel in water-soluble adhesives for paper lamination and bookbinding, offering quick drying and high green strength. They also function as textile sizing agents and cement modifiers, improving mortar workability. VAE emulsions, meanwhile, dominate construction for tile adhesives, grouts, and exterior coatings, thanks to their flexibility and weather resistance. In packaging, VAE-based hot-melt adhesives bond non-porous substrates like plastic and metal. PVA’s film-forming properties suit water-soluble sachets, while VAE’s adhesion to low-surface-energy materials makes it ideal for automotive trim bonding. Both find use in paints: PVA for water-based primers, VAE for topcoats requiring elasticity.