Polyvinyl Alcohol: Tus Phab Ntseeg Haiv Neeg Rau Qhov Chaw Kuajvam Thiab Tshuab Txoj Hlau

Tus Ntawv Qhia Txog Polyvinyl Alcohol: Daim Kab, Siv Hlau, Thiab Qhov Chaw Tsav Tsheb

Daim Kab Kim Hoá Thiab Kev Sau Los ntawm Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)

Polyvinyl Alcohol loss PVA pib tshwm los ntawm polyvinyl acetate uas txhaj tshwm hydrolysis, nyob rau hauv qab no swap acetate chav rau hydroxyl chav. Qhov no txhais tau tias peb tau cov nruj polymer chains uas muaj ntau cov hydrophilic OH chav, uas qhia tias vim li cas PVA zoo li siv nyob rau hauv dej thiab kuj zoo rau kev siv rau kho mob. Ib qho tshawb nrhiav tshiab txog polymer chemistry nyob rau hauv 2023 tau pom ib yam tshwm sim zoo xwb txog qhov ntau npaum li cas hydrolysis tshwm. Thaum nws nyob saum 87% mus rau 99%, nws txiav txim siab yog tias qhov siv thiab nyob ntawm lub thawj khoom tuaj yeem los. Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov leej cipher no nyob rau hauv yam uas lawv xav tau, yuav yog rau kev sau ua ke, tsim khoom siv rau packaging, lossis tseem yog ib co kev siv biomedical tso zog.

Qhov Tswj Hlub Rau Kev Tsim Film Thiab Qhov Tswj Hlub Rau Kev Nyob Ntawm Lub Khw

PVA zoo heev nyob rau hauv kev tsim film vim muaj hydrogen bonding ntau ntawm hydroxyl chav, uas tsim tau cov films zoo, zoo nkoo, thiab zoo saum npoo ntawv tom qab poob. Cov leej cipher no tau raug siv nyob rau hauv ntau cheeb tsam:

• Ntim : zaj mov tshaib nrog dej rau cov khw muag paub
• Ntxiv : qhov chaw tshuab kom txog tsis pub rov qab los ntawm kev puav
• Coatings : cov av khawm oxygen nyob rau hauv khw muag cua
  Ib tug kws xav tau ntau xyoo 2022 nyob rau Advanced Materials Science piav tias cov films uas muaj PVA tau pheej xwm mus rau 60 MPa, zoo dua ntau yam polymer siv tam sim no uas tuaj yeem siv tau.

Zaj tshuaj hydrolysis thiab qhov kev tshwm sim rau kev siv thiab kev nyob siab

Qhib hydrolysis muaj feem ntau rau qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm PVA:

PVA uas hydrolyzed ntau thiag (87–89%) siv tshuaj ntxuav hauv dej ntub tas li, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem tso caij ntev, yog li ntawd nws raug siv rau kev siv sai. Qhov siv ntau (95–99%) muaj qhov nyob siab zoo tshaj thiab nyob deb, yog li zoo tshaj rau kev sau ua duab tej yam khoom uas xav tau dej siab thiab rau cov duab kho mob uas nyob ntev.

Qhia kom pom txoj kev sib piv ntawm cov PVOH feem ntau rau kev saum npav thiab kev sau ua duab

PVOH kev tshuab siv rau kev ua haujlwm muaj feem ntau:

• Kev tshuab 325 : Qis tshuab nyob rau 85% hydrolysis, tsim rau cov phial detergent
• Kev tshuab 523 : Muaj zog siab dua nrog 98% hydrolysis, siv rau kev tsoj dej rau txheb
  Txhawm rau ib qho tshuaj xwv cuam tshuam Polymers 2024, kev tshuab 418 muaj kev sib thooj zoo thiab qis tshuab, ua rau zoo dua rau kev sib thooj rau cov duv ntaus ntxiv thiab kho kom tsawg dua 18% hn compared to conventional alternatives.

Polyvinyl Alcohol rau cov duv ntaus ntxiv tshiab: Los ntawm cov duv tshuab nyob rau dej mus rau cov duv ntaus ntxiv tshiab

Cov duv PVA uas yuav pov tseg thiab kev tshiab rau kev nres cov duv ntaus ntxiv

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) tsis ntau yim nyiag rau qhov chiv fab uas tsis phem rau dej hauv tsev rooj kawm, uas feem ntau siv ntau tshaj li ib hnub los sis ob hnub thaum nyob hauv dej. Peb pom tias cov khoom no thay thev cov ntaub ntawv plastic nyob rau hauv cov khoom lo lus, xws li cov khoom siv rau saj thawj, cov khoom siv rau keeb kwm, thiab txhua yam khoom siv rau rooj kawm uas tuaj yeem sau ua ke nrog lub zog. Qhov tshiab tshaj plaws yog tsim cov khoom siv composite uas PVA tau muab sib puag nrog cov ntawv hlwb leeg leeg uas hu ua cellulose nanofibers. Qhov sib xyaw no txhim kho qhov ceev ntau dua tsis hlo tawm qhov kev ploj siab. Ntawm qhov kev sim ntag ntag xyoo no, cov PVA zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ploj mus 9 hauv 10 qhov ntev rau ob xyoos nyob hauv cov chaw ploj kom sov. Qhov ploj no txo qhov khoom tsis ploj tshaj plaws uas nyob hauv cov chaw ploj.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm PVA hauv cov roj hmab oxygen thiab moisture rau cov khoom siv khoom

Cov molecules nyob hauv PVA uas tsis muaj cuab qhia tau zoo li ntawd txo cov oxygen, muaj txoj kev sib thooj tawm ntawm saum 1 cc ib meter square ib hnub thaum siv ua qhov chaw ntxuav. Yog tshuab cov nanoparticles hauv zinc oxide yuav pab txo dua, tso PVA coatings tuaj yeem tso tawm 99% ntawm UV rays tab sis tsis muaj teeb meem rau kev npog thiab xwm txheej rau kev siv rau cov khoom noj. Ib qho kev kawm los ntawm Coatings hauv 2021 pom ib qho tseem ceeb: thaum cov neeg tsim khoom coj qhov crystalline ntawm cov PVA layers no, lawv tuaj yeem pab kom cov khoom loj tuag nyob ntev dua li 30% ntau dua li cov plastic wrap tshaib. Qhov kev pab ntau no tuaj yeem pab ntau rau kev tsim khoom nyob rau hauv rauj nag.

Kev siv nyob rau hauv cov detergent pods, agrochemicals, thiab pharmaceutical sachets

PVA muaj kev tso tawm nrog cheeb tsam, kev nyob siab, thiab GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) los ntawm FDA yog qhov txaus siab rau kev siv ib zaug ib zaug:

• Nyob toj 85% ntawm cov khoom detergent capsule hauv North America
• Pab tau kev lag luam rau cov chaw dabtsi uas tuaj yeem siv hluv, kom txo qhov kub siab ntawm neeg noj mov
• Siv hauv cov duab ntiag tug uas muaj zog tshwm tsoom rau kev kho mob kom txo qhov kub siab ntawm cov khoom sib tshuam
  Nws zoo txaug thiab kev ua haujlwm pib tso cai rau kev siv hauv kev noj mov xws li cov chaw noj mov uas muaj zog tshwm tsoom thiab cov chaw noj mov uas muaj vitamin

Txiaj ntsig rau dej num dhau los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluv: Sau qhov PVA tuaj yeem siv hluv

PVA sib txwv tsis li rau ib qhov chaw tshem kua tshaub ntau dua rau hli ntawm plastics feem ntau. Qhov no pab txo qhov kub siab los ntawm microplastic pollution. Ib qho kev xam zauv los ntawm 2022 tau pom tias PVA txo cov duab plaub leeg no nyob rau 78% kom compared to LDPE. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob ntawm dej tso, PVA yuav teeb tsa rau 6 rau 12 hlis kom sib txwv. Tus nqi ntawm qhov teeb tsa yog nyob ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo li: qhov ntau ntawm muaj tshaub thiab cov microbes twg nyob hauv. Cov chaw tshem kua tshaub ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws, muaj ntau dua 90% ntawm decomposition. Tab sis cov chaw tshem kua tshaub nyob rau tsev tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm zoo li, tsuas muaj 40 rau 60%. Yog li ntawd, muaj ib qho kev txwv qhia nyob rau hauv. Peb xav tau cov kev caij rau kev tshem kua tshaub zoo dua yog tias peb xav pom qhov zoo ntawm PVA rau hauv qhov chaw nyob.

Polyvinyl Alcohol rau hauv cov ntaub: Warp Sizing, Finishing, thiab cov kev siv ntau dua

PVA rau hauv Warp Sizing: Pab ntau dua rau kev siv thiab txo qhov yarn breakage

PVA tsim tib lub coating zoo li cas, zoo li qhov muaj peev xwm hloov pauv rau hauv txoj kab ntxwv, kom txo kev sib puas tsuaj thaum kawm ntxwv nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam siab. Lub kaw lus qhia tau tias cov khoom siv PVA ua sizing yuav txo kev ruav ntshug ntawm kab ntxwv txog 40% dua li cov khoom siv starch. Qhov kev pab hloov no yuav pab txhim kho kev tsim khoom, tshpecially rau hauv cov txex ntxwv tshiab uas yuav tsum muaj kab ntxwv zoo ib yam.

Kev Siv Ntuj Ci Txhua Kom PVA Hauv Kab Ntxwv Thiab Kev Raug Zoo Nrog Cov Kab Ntxwv Ua Los ntawm Cotton-Polyester

Ib qhov kev pab tshaj tawm ntawm PVA yog nws yooj yim los tshem tawm los ntawm kev sau nrog ntuj ci, kom qhov kev tshem tawm PVA yooj yim dua thiab tsis txhob puas tsuaj rau saub nrog. Cov kev pab hloov tshiab tshaj tawm tau tias PVA muaj kev raug zoo nrog cov kab ntxwv uas tsim los ntawm cotton-polyester: lub kaw lus qhia ntawm 2023 txog kev nyiam hlau ntawm saub ntxwv tau pom tias cov saub ntxwv uas muaj PVA tuaj keem tseem muaj 98% ntawm qhov ceev npaum li thaum 15 zaug sau, kom saub ntxwv nyiam hlau thiab pab tau kev tsim khoom zoo dua.

Siv PVOH ua thawj chaw pab kom saub ntxwv tsis txwv thiab kom kontroll qhov nyiam

PVOH ua haujlwm tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev kuaj xyuas sib thooj los ntawm ua raws li ib qho chao txwv nyob saum kab ntsug, pab lawv hla siab zoo dua. Lub vtaub tsis tshuab uam-txm treated with PVOH tau pom tias muaj qhov cuam tshuab tsawg dua ntau kom rau cov khoom tsis tau uam-txm, thaum kawg tshem qhov cuam tshuab los ntawm kaum ob hli. Cov khoom no kuj pab rau tus neeg tsim khoom muaj kev kho kom meej dua txog vim li cas tus khoom tiag tiag yog tshaub lossis zoo siab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thaum tsim cov vtaub tshwj xeeb xws li kab mob hospital lossis kab roj sib thooj. Qhov uas tsim PVOH zoo tshaj plaws yog nws ua tag nrho no thaum nws tso caij li nkaus rau cov chao txwv kem uas muaj formaldehyde uas ntau yam kev txhim kho dhau los tau tshaj tawm. Rau cov chaw tsim khoom xav tsim cov vtaub siv hauv zos zoo, tsis txhob muab lub standard nyiaj cuam tshuam mus, qhov no yog ib qhov phooj ywg tseem ceeb.

Cov kev tshiab nyob rau hauv cov chaw tso tseg rau kev sau ntawv thiab cov ntaub template

PVA's kev tshuab ntxhab ntxhiab tau ua rau muaj kev siv hauv kev tshem kawm tseemceeb uas yuav raug sov thaum txhuam, kom tsis muaj qhov chaw ntxuav ntawm lub plastic. Now designers siv PVA films los ua kev sau hauv phiaj noj, tiam sis tau cov duab ntau yam thiab tsis muaj leej twg – ib qho kev pab cuam uas tau pom hauv kev xam txheej hauv kev tshuaj tshob tshuaj tshob.

Kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb hauv zaj khoom thiab lub sijhawm npaum li cas ntawm Polyvinyl Alcohol hauv kev tshuaj tshob tshob

Kev xav tau hauv lub ntiaj teb rau PVA hauv kev tshuaj tshob tshob thiab phiaj noj (2020–2030)

cov kev lag luam ntawm lub teb chaws rau PVA yuav tso caij ntev txog li 6% txhua xyoo mus txog 2030 raws li qhov kho mob kev lag luam Intellect los ntawm 2024. qhov siab no tuaj los ntawm rau hauv paus muab ntau dua rau hom biodegradable thiab cov neeg siv khoom xav tau ntau dua rau kev kho kom zoo siab rau kev siv khoom siv. cov ntaub yaj siv nyob rau 38% ntawm tag nrho PVA uas tsim nyob tam sim no. peb pom tias nws siv ntau dua rau ib yam yam khoom zoo li kev pab tshuab tshuab rau kev ua phau ntawv thiab cov khoom siv compostable uas cov ntaub yaj los, tshwj tsis yog hauv daim qhov kev lag luam ntaub yaj noj mov uas kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam. thaum mloog rau kev siv khoom siv rau khoom siv khoom noj, PVA raug xaiv vim nws tsim qhov chaw tshem tshem rau oxygen uas pab tshem tshem cov khoom tsis tuaj yeem nyob ntev dua. cov kev suav sau tias qhov no tuaj yeem txo cov khoom siv khoom noj tseg los li 22% thaum soj ntsuam nrog rau cov khoom siv plastic feem ntau, ua rau nws zoo tshaib rau cov chaw tsim khoom xav kom green lawv kev tsim khoom tsis txhob lossis kho kom zoo dua.

Kev pab nce kev roj hmong thiab cov kev tswj hwm kaw tshiab rau kev roj hmong PVA

Cov teeb meem cuam tshuam ntxoog kev roj ciam cov duab ntawm PVA uas tau siv hluv siab los yog tsis tuaj yeem siv dua lawm saum no, thaum ntawv twb muaj kev pab cuam los ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab. kev siv enzyme los faus qhia cov PVA txias li 92% zoo ib yam li tshiab, uas txhais tau tias peb tuaj yeem siv dua li ntau zaus thim sis tsis txhob tshuab tseg. nyob rau hauv daim qeb kev tshauk sib ntxiv, muaj ib qho chaw tsim kho nyob Japan uas tuaj yeem faus qhia PVA tawm ntawm cov ntaub uas muaj cotton los ntawm kev siv kws cua. lawv cov chaw tsim kho twb tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas txog 12 paus kub (metric tons) ntawm cov ntaub hlau txiav tawm txhua hnub. zoo txaug heev yog tias koj xav txog nws. cov kev tshauk sib ntxiv no npgo rau hauv qhov uas tus neeg Europe (European Union) tau piav tias tseem ceeb nrog rau qhov kev tshauk sib ntxiv (Circular Economy). yog tias cov chaw tsim khoom yuav sau ua kev tshauk no ntau dua, lawv tuaj yeem kom tsawg dua li plab lub sijhawm ntawm kev siv cov PVA tshiab rau kev sib cuag (packaging).

Kev tsim kho cov PVA uas tsim los ntawm organic thiab tuaj yeem roj ciam tag nrho

Cov neeg tshawb fwm uas tau kawm txog cov ntxig no tiag ntawm PVA tau muaj kev pib zoo los ntawm kev siv cov khoom uas tsis yog pov duab. Cov tshiab tshaj txaus tau yav zuj zus 89% tom qab 45 hnub nyob hauv dej ntuj sib fog raws li ASTM D6691. Ntawm qhov tam sim no, cov khoom generation thim rau nplooj ntawv tau suav nrog cov ntxig lignin uas pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm dej thiab dej ntuj rau cov rooj fab, tab sis lawv tsis tuaj yeem yav tom qab hauv cov chaw tso dej. Cov kev xam pom tias cov ntxig tshiab no tau ploj tag (ntsuas li 97%) hauv cov chaw tso dej uas tsis muaj oxygen. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig vim nws tshub kom muaj kev pheej hmong rau ib qho teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov duab twg today - cov duab twg ntxig uas nyob tag tseg. Thaum cov neeg tsim khoom nrhiav cov kev lees paj cuam xeej, cov PVA tshiab no feem ntau yog ib qho uas cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem sau ua ke tsis tas hloov pauv qhov tseem ceeb.

FAQ

Qhov saib xyuas keem kawg ntawm Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) yog dab tsi?

Polyvinyl Alcohol tuaj yeem los ntawm polyvinyl acetate thiaj li ua hydrolysis, kho acetate groups los ua hydroxyl uas tsim tau cov polymer ntev uas zoo sib thooj nyob rau hniav dej.

Yog vim li cas PVA zoo rau kev siv hluas?

PVA muaj kev tshuab film zoo thiab muaj hydrogen bonding ntau, ua rau nws muaj kev ceev thiab ceev, yog li nws zoo rau kev siv rau cov khoom lag luam, duab ntoo, thiab coatings.

Qhov hydrolysis degree txwv li cas PVA properties?

Qhov hydrolysis percentage ntawm 87% mus rau 99% txwv li PVA's solubility thiab stability, xaiv kom raug rau kev siv tshwj xeej zoo li cov coatings ntawv lossis medical films.

Puas yog Polyvinyl Alcohol tuaj yeem biodegrade?

Yog, PVA tuaj yeem sib puag ncig, thiab cov duab tshiab tuaj yeem sib puag ncig hauv cov chaw kuaj kom sov thiab pab tshem qhov kub nce ntawm microplastic.

Muaj tej innovations twg nyob rau hauv sustainable PVA packaging?

PVA composite materials uas tau mixed nrog cellulose nanofibers tsim tau cov film biodegradable meej dua rau cov kev daws teeb meem eco-friendly packaging.