PVA thiab VAE emulsions nyob rau hais lus noj kev cai. PVA emulsions tsis muaj ntawm lub nrog hais adhesives lawm tawm rau paper lamination thiab bookbinding, sib npaug qhov noog thiab high green strength. Nws yog mus rau textile sizing agents thiab cement modifiers, tau txog mortar workability. VAE emulsions, li cas, nyob rau construction ntawm tile adhesives, grouts, thiab exterior coatings, thiaj los ntawm flexibility thiab weather resistance. Nyob packaging, VAE-based hot-melt adhesives tau bond non-porous substrates ntawm plastic thiab metal. PVA’s film-forming properties nyob rau water-soluble sachets, thiab VAE’s adhesion ntawm low-surface-energy materials muaj ntsi ntawm automotive trim bonding. Cov neeg ib tug tau nyob rau paints: PVA rau water-based primers, VAE rau topcoats ntawm elasticity.