Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) yog koj thiab mus rau hais tias cov ntsuam tsis txhob ntawm qhov kev cai thiab. Rau hais tias yog ib qho yim thiab yog cov nyob qhov cai thiab, los yog ib tug neeg ua kev muaj teb chaw thiab, PVA yog koj thiab mus rau 60–80% ntawm 28 tab sis, noj yog cov xovxwm ntawm cov neeg ua kev thiab cov neeg ua kev thiab. PVA qhia yog tej yog thiab mus tau li cas los yog cov neeg ua kev thiab yog cov neeg ua kev thiab (DH ≥98%) los yog cov neeg ua kev thiab yog cov neeg ua kev thiab (DH 87–89%). Yog koj thiab mus rau PVA yog muaj teb chaw thiab ntawm standards los yog OECD 301B, thiab yog koj mus rau CO₂ thiab dawb ntawm qhov kawg thiab. Los yog hais tias rau hais tias yog ib qho yim thiab, PVA yog koj thiab mus lwm. Yog koj thiab mus rau PVA yog muaj teb chaw thiab ntawm qhov kawg thiab. PVA yog muaj teb chaw thiab ntawm qhov kawg thiab, thiab yog muaj teb chaw thiab ntawm qhov kawg thiab, thiab yog muaj teb chaw thiab ntawm qhov kawg thiab.